Microsoft (MSFT.O), opens new tab is exploring using superconducting power lines in its data centres, which could potentially accelerate its massive U.S. build-out of the server warehouses by making them more energy-efficient, the company said on Tuesday.

Big Tech’s effort to swiftly build and electrify giant data centres across the U.S. to expand technologies like artificial intelligence has been slowed by the country’s aging power system and constrained electricity supplies.

Microsoft said recent tests of high‑temperature superconductor cables have shown that the power lines can deliver the same amount of electricity as traditional cables while taking up less space.

“The technology helps us scale power density without expanding our physical footprint,” Husam Alissa, who leads the Systems Technology Team at Microsoft’s CO+I CTO Office. “It can also help us reduce the size of power transmission infrastructure and lower community impact.”

High-temperature superconductor cables use a ceramic-like material that transports electricity more efficiently than conventional copper and aluminum conductors, which are used widely in power infrastructure.

Deploying the cables, which are not currently used in data centres, could shorten the time it takes to power the large server warehouses.

Microsoft said the technology could allow it to increase electrical density inside facilities without expanding infrastructure like substations. The company, however, did not disclose its investment in superconducting technology or when it would be able to deploy them in its data centres.

U.S. government research shows the electricity use of data centres may consume about 12 percent of U.S. power supplies by 2028, a tripling from four years earlier, which would require more infrastructure to generate and transport the electricity.

Single data centre campuses being built will require more than one gigawatt of electricity at a single location, enough to power about 750,000 homes.

The cable technology has been under development for decades, but stymied by high costs and manufacturing constraints.

Microsoft is investing in superconducting companies, including Massachusetts-based cable manufacturer and cooling system vendor, VEIR, which closed a $75 Series B funding round this last year. VEIR, which recently completed a test of its three megawatt cable to power a server rack in a simulated data centre, said the advanced cables can be more than 10 times smaller and lighter than traditional cables, allowing for a smaller data centre footprint.

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